http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16418250&dopt=Abstract

Radiographics. 2006 Jan-Feb;26(1):157-71.

Causes of facial swelling in pediatric patients:
correlation of clinical and radiologic findings.

Khanna G, Sato Y, Smith RJ, Bauman NM, Nerad J.

Department of Radiology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, 200
Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. geetika-khanna@uiowa.edu

Facial swelling is a common clinical problem in pediatric patients. The
causes of swelling are diverse, and knowledge of the typical clinical
and imaging manifestations and the most common sites of occurrence of
these conditions is needed to formulate a differential diagnosis. The
general clinical manifestations may be classified into the following
four groups: (a) acute swelling with inflammation, (b) nonprogressive
swelling, (c) slowly progressive swelling, and (d) rapidly progressive
swelling. Conditions that may account for acute swelling accompanied by
inflammation include lymphadenitis, sinusitis, odontogenic infection,
and abscess. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography is the modality of
choice for detection of abscesses requiring surgical drainage.
Nonprogressive midfacial swelling is suggestive of a congenital anomaly
(eg, a cephalocele, nasal glioma, or nasal dermoid or epidermoid cyst).
Slowly progressive swelling may indicate the presence of a
neurofibroma, hemangioma, lymphangioma, vascular malformation, or
pseudocyst, or of fibrous dysplasia. The differential diagnosis for
rapidly progressive facial swelling in association with cranial nerve
deficits should include rhabdomyosarcoma, Langerhans cell
histiocytosis, Ewing sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, and metastatic
neuroblastoma. (c) RSNA, 2006.

PMID: 16418250 [PubMed – in process]

Volume 333:1594-1599           December 14, 1995           Number 24

Cancer in the Parents of Children with Cancer

http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/333/24/1594

Jørgen H. Olsen, M.D., John D. Boice, Sc.D., Niels Seersholm, M.D.,
Andrea Bautz, and Joseph F. Fraumeni, M.D.

Background Certain types of cancer in children and young adults have
been linked with an increased risk of cancer in close relatives.
However, the relation between childhood cancer and familial risk
remains to be fully assessed in population-based studies.

Methods We conducted a nationwide study in Denmark of 11,380 parents of
children with cancer. The children were identified from records in the
Danish Cancer Registry; their parents were identified from population
registers. The occurrence and rate of cancer in the parents were
determined with use of the Cancer Registry's files and compared with
national incidence rates for various categories of tumor.

Results Overall, 1445 cancers were diagnosed in the parents, as
compared with 1496 expected from national incidence rates, to yield
standardized incidence ratios of 1.0 (95 percent confidence interval,
0.9 to 1.0) for all parents, 1.0 for mothers, and 0.9 for fathers. The
lower rate of cancer among fathers reflected their lower standardized
incidence ratio for lung cancer (0.8; 95 percent confidence interval,
0.6 to 0.9), as calculated from 114 observations.

Conclusions Genetic determinants are important in several types of
childhood cancer, but the genetic susceptibility to tumors does not
generally extend to the parents of children with cancer, nor do the
patterns of incidence point to the influence of shared environmental
factors. Thus, cancer in children should not be viewed as a general
marker for an increased risk of cancer in the patients' parents.

Source Information

From the Division for Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society,
Copenhagen, Denmark (J.H.O., N.S., A.B.); and the Epidemiology and
Biostatistics Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md.
(J.D.B., J.F.F.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Olsen at the Danish Cancer Society,
Division for Cancer Epidemiology, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100
Copenhagen, Denmark.